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Field Testing Manipulation: Sampling Bias in Forensic Evaluation

An analysis of how field-testing conditions affect reliability, interpretation, and evidentiary weight By Gil Chotam & Greg Andrews | National Tile and Stone Authority (NTSA) Field testing is often relied upon to evaluate material performance under actual site conditions. In forensic investigations, these results may be used to support conclusions regarding installation quality, material suitability,…

Tile and Stone Testing: Laboratory Data Manipulation

An examination of how testing practices affect reliability, interpretation, and evidentiary value By Gil Chotam & Greg Andrews | National Tile and Stone Authority (NTSA) Tile and stone laboratory test reports are often treated as objective and definitive. In practice, the testing process may be influenced by sampling methods, specimen preparation, reporting practices, and selective…